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'in Russian", "The Cambridge Spies' West Hampstead connection", "Kim Philby: new revelations about spy emerge in secret files", "Spies Philby's widow tells of an Englishman's life in exile", "Moscow square named after notorious British double agent Kim Philby", "A Cold War Mystery: Was the Soviet Mole Kim Philby a Double Agent or a Triple Agent? The man described himself as Otto. He was known to have been friends with the brazenly gay and immoderate Burgess, who had lived for a time in Philby's house on Nebraska Avenue in Washington. [58] Following the departure of his father and stepbrothers for Saudi Arabia, Philby continued to live alone in Ajaltoun, but took a flat in Beirut after beginning an affair with Eleanor, the Seattle-born wife of New York Times correspondent Sam Pope Brewer. "His alcoholism was suicide," she told the Moskovsky Komsomolets newspaper. Philby's work led to the deaths of dozens of British agents, making him a reviled traitor once he was exposed in Britain. [85], Philby found work in the early 1970s in the KGB's Active Measures Department churning out fabricated documents. In 1949 Philby was appointed first secretary to the British Embassy in Washington and served as chief British liaison with American intelligence agencies. Rate this book. She was an object of both pity and fascination, and to get away from it all, she moved from their house on the Kent-Surrey border to Switzerland, with her mother. [14] Philby later recalled: Lizzy came home one evening and told me that she had arranged for me to meet a "man of decisive importance". Then she drove off with the children. Known as Kim to his friends, Philby secretly defected to the USSR from his home in Beirut, Lebanon, in 1963. He was recruited by Soviet intelligence in 1934. Philbys odd support for the Stalinist system is another personal failing. On 25 October 1955, following revelations in The New York Times, Labour MP Marcus Lipton used parliamentary privilege to ask Prime Minister Anthony Eden if he was determined "to cover up at all costs the dubious third man activities of Mr Harold Philby"[57] This was reported in the British press, leading Philby to threaten legal action against Lipton if he repeated his accusations outside Parliament. Pierre-Charles Path. Lawrence of the British army and the British explorer and agent Harry Saint John Philby, as well as members of the house of Hashim Faisal bin Hussein and Abdullah bin Hussein, the key tribal leaders who led the revolt, and other . Though a convinced Communist, he had a strong humanistic streak. His father Harold ''Kim'' Philby was a product of the British ruling class but, like his own eccentric father, the explorer and Arabist St John Philby, contemptuous of it. Litzi lived in Paris before returning to London for the duration of the war; she ultimately settled in East Germany. JOHN Philby, the eldest son of Soviet spy Kim Philby, who was a double agent and the notorious Third Man in the Cambridge spy ring of the 1930s, has died in England. [50] Burgess was sent back to England, where he met Maclean in his London club. Macleans outward calm in the face of exile was greatly bolstered by his wifes support. Director Susan Johnson Writers Kara Holden (screenplay by) Caren Lissner (based on the novel by) Stars Bel Powley Nathan Lane Scott Keiji Takeda See production, box office & company info Watch on Netflix We got together in our cabin to discuss our plans. Philby's work led to the deaths of dozens of British agents, making him a reviled traitor once he was exposed in Britain. [17], In London, Philby began a career as a journalist. I liked her determination. Harry had 6 siblings: Mary B Philby, Kathleen V Philby and 4 other siblings. [24], In 1940, on the recommendation of Burgess, Philby joined MI6's Section D, a secret organisation charged with investigating how enemies might be attacked through non-military means. Melinda translated Russian stories into English for the weekly English paper, Moscow News. Sister of Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby; Diana Mary Bridger Philby and Helena Verna Philby. He said "It was a very dirty storybut after all our work does imply getting dirty hands from time to time but we do it for a cause that is not dirty in any way". Jun 27, 2019. He joined (1917) the British foreign service, was sent on a special mission to Arabia, and became the first European to visit the southern provinces of the Nejd. Harry Philby. She made some calculations and announced, "That will leave you an excess of 25. The double spys fourth wife and widow, Rufina Philby, told the paper that her British husband, whom she married in 1971, eight years after his defection, was disappointed about some of what he saw in the USSR. Born in India in 1912, Philby became a communist sympathiser after leaving Cambridge and began working as a KGB informer in the mid 1930s in London. Philby replied that none had been sent and that none was undergoing training at that time. [27] His time at Section D, however, was short-lived; the "tiny, ineffective, and slightly comic" section[28] was soon absorbed by the Special Operations Executive (SOE) in the summer of 1940. His mother, Dora nee Johnston, was his father's first wife. Larger numbers were landed by sea and air under Operation Valuable, which continued until 1951, increasingly under the influence of the newly formed CIA. But the two men, for so long ideological comrades, fell out. . We need it desperately." [47], Burgess, who had been given a post as Second Secretary at the British Embassy, took up residence in the Philby family home and rapidly set about causing offence to all and sundry. In late summer 1943, the SIS provided the GRU an official report on the activities of German agents in Bulgaria and Romania, soon to be liberated by the Soviet Union. His birth fell on Armistice day four years. [72][pageneeded], It was not until 1 July 1963 that Philby's flight to Moscow was officially confirmed. Volkov's defection had been discussed with the British Embassy in Ankara on telephones which turned out to have been tapped by Soviet intelligence. ", Pukhova, now 78, said she was irritated by stories about Philby's drink problem, but admitted he wasn't always able to stick to his two-glass rule. He later wrote "she had got a tantalising scrap of information about a young English journalist whom the Soviet intelligence had sent to Spain during the Civil War. Henry was born circa 1823, in Loughton, Essex, England. [79]Mikhail Lyubimov, his closest KGB contact, explained that this was to guard his safety, but later admitted that the real reason was the KGB's fear that Philby would return to London. Wages and incomes of the population. [11][pageneeded], A more serious incident occurred in August 1945, when Konstantin Volkov, an NKVD agent and vice-consul in Istanbul, requested political asylum in Britain for himself and his wife. by Ian Allen He and Pukhova married in 1971, when he was 59 and she was 38. He was an agent-in-place or a penetration agent or a mole if you wish of the KGB/NKVD. He had five, one of whom, incidentally, was named after George Washington, the American president. Nonetheless, the information was publicized in 1967 when Philby granted an interview to Murray Sayle of The Times in Moscow. 14:46 GMT 17 Apr 2018, For 15 years, British diplomat Donald Maclean was passing state secrets to his KGB masters. Offer valid until May 1, 2018. Philby was a 19-year-old art student when his father was exposed in 1963 as a traitor. They even had a dacha a country cottage 20 miles from Moscow where the children could swim, fish, bicycle and forage for mushrooms. Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby ORB, OL ODN (1 January 1912 11 May 1988)[1] was a British intelligence officer and a double agent for the Soviet Union. To protect his family, still living in the USSR, Orlov said nothing about Philby, an agreement Stalin respected. He didnt seem to mind that their marriage was over. He trained Albanian commandossome of whom were former Nazi collaboratorsin Libya or Malta. Two years later, a Sunday Times correspondent was in Moscow and about to pack his bags after an unsuccessful attempt to interview the Soviet leader, Nikita Khrushchev, when, out of the blue, he was invited to a room in his hotel. In those days, correspondence had to be sent to a PO Box; and in his reply, Kim would sign off under a special code name, Panina (a combination of Pa and Nina, the alias used for Kims wife). The minister told the House of Commons, "I have no reason to conclude that Mr. Philby has at any time betrayed the interests of his country, or to identify him with the so-called 'Third Man', if indeed there was one. "He once even said that it was the easiest way to bring life to an end. He was happy in Moscow and fulfilled by his work. In contrast to Blake, Philby and Burgess and to a less extent Maclean suffered from nostalgia for Britain. there is a new book on the shelves, a fictional account of philby and his recruitment when he went to vienna austria, then returning to Britain to carry out his duties. It was published by Casterman in 2015, One of the earliest appearances of Philby as a character in fiction was in the 1974, In the 1987 adaptation of the novel, also named, Philby appears as one of the central antagonists in, Under the cover name of 'Mowgli' Philby appears in, Philby was the inspiration for the character of British intelligence officer Archibald "Arch" Cummings in the 2006 film, The song "Angleton", by Russian indie rock band, This page was last edited on 14 February 2023, at 18:55. Harry George Philby Birth. She was later sent to a Swiss clinic for treatment. He died in 1983 at the age of 69, recording beforehand that I do not at all regret having done what seemed and still seems to me my duty. [39][5], The intervention of Philby in the affair and the subsequent capture of Volkov by the Soviets might have seriously compromised Philby's position. Interrogated repeatedly regarding his intelligence work and his connection with Burgess, he continued to deny that he had acted as a Soviet agent. Yesterday, in our serialisation of an electrifying biography based on newly released papers, we heard how he fled to Moscow just as he was about to be arrested leaving behind his supposedly innocent wife. [5] He won a scholarship to Trinity College, Cambridge, where he studied history and economics. [64], In 1961, Anatoliy Golitsyn, a major in the First Chief Directorate of the KGB, defected to the United States from his diplomatic post in Helsinki. Harry St John Philby on his 1917 trek across the Arabian Peninsula, which he recorded in his 1922 book 'Heart of Arabia'. These lapses by Philby aroused intense suspicion in Moscow. He told the paper that Kim eventually came to think that it was all wrong, implying that Philby grew disillusioned with the Soviet system. Burgess was arrested in September for drunken driving and was subsequently fired,[29] while Philby was appointed as an instructor on clandestine propaganda at the SOE's finishing school for agents at the Estate of Lord Montagu[30][pageneeded] in Beaulieu, Hampshire. Philby, though, began seeing Melinda on the side, confessing as much to his wife and saying that he was just trying to make [Melindas] life happier as she had been miserable for the last 15 years. On their first night in Moscow, an elated Burgess and Maclean had dined in style on a great hotel balcony on the first floor overlooking the Kremlin and got drunk on vodka. Modrzhinskaya concluded that all were double agents, working essentially for the British. And here he was struck by disappointment, brought to tears. Hed been worried about leaving her and their children to carry on without him, but shed given him the all-clear to go. Eventually, Melinda went back to her home country, the U.S., bringing to an end nearly 40 years of endurance, loyalty and betrayal. "" ( : Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby ; 1 1912 - 11 1988) . And he kept his word to the end." He was given a hero's funeral, and posthumously awarded numerous medals [87] by the Soviets: Order of Lenin, Order of the Red Banner, Order of Friendship of Peoples, Order of the Great Patriotic War, Lenin Medal and Jubilee Medal "Forty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 19411945". [65] Nicholas Elliott, an MI6 officer recently stationed in Beirut who was a friend of Philby's and had previously believed in his innocence, was tasked with attempting to secure Philby's full confession. Because hed told her from the very start. This statement was underlined twice in red and marked with two question marks, clearly indicating their confusion and questioning of this, by disbelieving staff at Moscow Central in the Lubyanka, according to Genrikh Borovik, who saw the telegrams much later in the KGB archives. He was 65. Shortly afterward, Philby was moved to the job as chief SIS representative in Washington, D.C., with his family. But though his love affair with the cause never wavered, his love affair with Melinda did. Philby told the British, after a direct question to Franco, that German troops would never be permitted to cross Spain to attack Gibraltar. Philby had to help discover the identity of "Homer" but also wished to protect Maclean. The new London rezident, Ivan Chichayev (code-name Vadim), re-established contact and asked for a list of names of British agents being trained to enter the Soviet Union. [34], During 194243, Philby's responsibilities were then expanded to include North Africa and Italy, and he was made the deputy head of Section Five under Major Felix Cowgill, an army officer seconded to SIS. Barclay reported the complaint to London. [47] His dissolution had a troubling effect on Philby; the morning after a particularly disastrous and drunken party, a guest returning to collect his car heard voices upstairs and found "Kim and Guy in the bedroom drinking champagne. Photograph: Daily Mail/Rex Features, MI5missed early chance to expose Soviet agent Kim Philby, files reveal, Charlotte Philby: We visited Kim in Moscow, Love and Deception: Philby in Beirut by James Hanning review the spy who loved, maybe, ASplinter of Ice review Graham Greene and Kim Philby clink glasses, Graham Greenes showdown with Soviet spy Kim Philby: A Splinter of Ice review, KimPhilby: new revelations about spy emerge in secret files, George Blake exemplified the desolation, waste and treachery of the cold war, Moscow names square after British double agent Kim Philby, Athriller of spies and betrayal: by Kim Philbys granddaughter. She flirted with other men and had affairs. ''His boozy amours, his tough postures, his intelligence expertise, are directly related to the same characteristics in (Ian) Fleming's hero. The two-drink tradition remained but in time there was no longer a need to hide the bottle, she added. They had already been down to the Embassy but being unable to work had come back". In a 1981 lecture to the East German security service (the Stasi), Philby attributed the failure of the British Secret Service to unmask him as due in great part to the British class systemit was inconceivable that one "born into the ruling class of the British Empire" would be a traitorto the amateurish and incompetent nature of the organisation, and to so many in MI6 having so much to lose if he was proven to be a spy. Weakened by alcoholism and frequent sickness, she died of influenza in December 1957.[91]. He would say we and our when speaking of the Soviet Union and defended his adopted countrys brutal crushing of the Hungarian Uprising in 1956 an event that disgusted many Left-wing supporters back in the UK. children: Dudley Thomas Philby, Harry George Philby, John . He used a simpler system for MI6, delivering post at Hendaye, France, for the British embassy in Paris. The boys told a child they met on a beach that the photos he had taken could not be forwarded to them as we are going away and we dont know where we are going. [38] Nevertheless, Angleton's suspicions went unheard. In late 1944 Philby, on instructions from his Soviet handler, maneuvered through the system successfully to replace Cowgill as head of Section Nine. "I tried everything to save him; after all, he was killing himself. [11][pageneeded], In February 1937, Philby travelled to Seville, Spain, then embroiled in a bloody civil war triggered by the coup d'tat of Falangist forces under General Francisco Franco against the democratic government of President Manuel Azaa. Burgess' defection to Moscow with Maclean in 1951 cast suspicion on Philby snr. Born in Ambala, Punjab, British India, Harold Adrian Russell Philby was the son of Dora Johnston and St John Philby, an author, Arabist and explorer. He was paid 500 roubles a month (the average Soviet salary in 1960 was Rbls80.60 a month and Rbls122 in 1970)[76][77] and his family was not immediately able to join him in exile. He had got afraid that I would leave, and hidden the boot.". Find out where Kim Philby was born, their birthday and details about their professions, education, religion, family and other life details and facts. It was a mystery. In 1963 he was revealed to be a member of the Cambridge Five, a spy ring which had divulged British secrets to the Soviets during World War II and in the early stages of the Cold War. This turned out to be identical with Barclay's dispatch, convincing the NKVD that Philby had seen the full Barclay report. Philby confirmed that he had worked for the KGB and that "his purpose in life was to destroy imperialism".[80]. Journalist Ben Macintyre, author of several works on espionage, speculated that MI6 might have left open the opportunity for Philby to flee to Moscow to avoid an embarrassing public trial. [10], Philby acted as a courier between Vienna and Prague, paying for the train tickets out of his remaining 75 and using his British passport to evade suspicion. Later, realising that he lacked the talent to be a professional painter, Philby worked briefly as a freelance newspaper photographer before taking up joinery. There was nothing more [he] could do. All was reasonably well between them until Kim Philby the master-spy who recruited him back in their Cambridge days himself defected in 1963. From 1952, Philby struggled to find work as a journalist, eventuallyin August 1954accepting a position with a diplomatic newsletter called the Fleet Street Letter. He got himself a job teaching English in a school. In 1948, troubled by the heavy drinking and frequent depressions that had become a feature of her husband's life in Istanbul, she experienced a breakdown of this nature, staging an accident and injecting herself with urine and insulin to cause skin disfigurations. He recalled that in 1948, when he was five, Burgess came to stay for a holiday. by. Philby's award of the Order of the British Empire was cancelled and annulled in 1965. [11][pageneeded]. She put the two boys into the International School in Geneva and finally explained to them what had happened to their father, reporting to her sister that their worst fear seems to be that I might vanish too. In 1940 he was interviewed by MI5 officers in London, led by Jane Archer. My God, how I despise you now. His ashes were brought back to England, as he had requested, and buried in his parents grave after dark and by torchlight so that the press would not get wind of it. No connection with Philby was made at the time, and Krivitsky was found shot in a Washington hotel room the following year. Volkov had insisted that all written communications about him take place by bag rather than by telegraph, causing a delay in reaction that might plausibly have given the Soviets time to uncover his plans. When Melinda and the children joined him, they moved into a small apartment and the children were put into the local Soviet schools. Philbys defection sent ripples of shock across Western intelligence and is often described as one of the most dramatic moments of the Cold War. Wife of George Glen Carnegie Milne. While working in Section Five, Philby had become acquainted with James Jesus Angleton, a young American counter-intelligence officer working in liaison with SIS in London. In January 1963, having finally been unmasked as a Soviet agent, Philby defected to Moscow, where he lived until his death in 1988. Melinda put the bravest of faces on her situation when she wrote to her still grief-stricken mother that she understood the suffering she had caused. [61], It is unclear whether Philby had been alerted, but Eleanor noted that as 1962 wore on, expressions of tension in his life "became worse and were reflected in bouts of deep depression and drinking". When Jane Archer (who had interviewed Krivitsky) was appointed to Philby's section he moved her off investigatory work in case she became aware of his past. "Once, a big group of us were on a trip on the Volga: Kim and I and, of course, his KGB escort, and the escort's daughter. In 1946, Philby arranged a divorce from Litzi. [90] Aileen suffered from psychiatric problems, which grew more severe during the period of poverty and suspicion following the flight of Burgess and Maclean. Donald refused to become part of the twilight brigade community of defectors, down-at-heel, disillusioned and wondering how they had got there. Their first three children, Josephine, John and Tommy Philby, were born between 1941 and 1944. Without Club Last club: Basingstoke Most games for: Reading U18 Without Club since: Dec 22, 2018 . During the summer of 1945, a Soviet cipher clerk had reused a one-time pad to transmit intelligence traffic. In a way hes always just been my father. Krivitsky claimed that two Soviet intelligence agents had penetrated the Foreign Office and that a third Soviet intelligence agent had worked as a journalist for a British newspaper during the civil war in Spain. One of five siblings, he was born under a kitchen table during an air raid on London in World War II. Then they boarded what was described as a small military-type aircraft which flew them to Moscow to be reunited with Donald. Change), You are commenting using your Twitter account. But the rezident (Russian term for spymaster) in France, probably Pierre at this time, suggested to Moscow that he suspected Philby's motives. In his early teens, he spent some time with the Bedouin in the desert of Saudi Arabia. His controller in Paris, the Latvian Ozolin-Haskins (code name Pierre), was shot in Moscow in 1937 during Joseph Stalin's Great Purge. He said that at the time of his recruitment as a spy there were no prospects of his being useful; he was instructed to make his way into the Secret Service, which took years, starting with journalism and building up contacts in the establishment. When he died, in 1988, he was buried with honors by the Soviet authorities. In August 1956 he was sent to Beirut as a Middle East correspondent for The Observer and The Economist. [73] On 30 July, Soviet officials announced that they had granted him political asylum in the USSR, along with Soviet citizenship. She liked it that he was a man with strong beliefs, and agreed to stand by him. n ADAPTED from A Spy Named Orphan by Roland Philipps, to be published by The Bodley Head on April 26 at 20. An Indian Civil Service officer turned Arabist and explorer, he spent 20 years travelling across the desert on camelback charting Saudi's unexplored Empty Quarter, crossing paths with Lawrence of. [25][26] Philby and Burgess ran a training course for would-be saboteurs at Brickendonbury Manor in Hertfordshire. But as the months turned into years and no word came from him, she sank into depression at the realisation that she was now bringing up their children alone. [78][pageneeded] Philby was under virtual house arrest, guarded, with all visitors screened by the KGB. Melinda, now officially Natasha Frazer, hated Kuybyshev, which she found very primitive, and for a while Donald was depressed and disillusioned by the reality of Soviet Russia. Fergie is horrified that [Donald] might have done something wrong at the office and the FO will be very angry when he returns. [ | ] 1912 ' ( '), . Lipton later withdrew his comments. In Vienna, working to aid refugees from Germany, Philby met Litzi Friedmann (born Alice Kohlmann), a young Austrian communist of Hungarian Jewish origins. [11][pageneeded], Both the British and the Soviets were interested in analyzing the combat performance of the new Messerschmitt Bf 109 fighter planes and Panzer I and Panzer II tanks deployed with Falangist forces in Spain. They travelled together in Spain through August 1939. Aileen Philby had suffered since childhood from psychological problems which caused her to inflict injuries upon herself. He became more optimistic once the family was deemed fully rehabilitated and they moved to Moscow in 1955. She cashed a substantial cheque, bought her toddler daughter some new clothes and settled an outstanding garage bill. The stammering, debonair Philby was suspected of being the so-called Third Man and, although he was investigated, he swore that he did not know Maclean. In the same interview, she confirmed that Philby was a heavy drinker when they first met, but later became sober. In February 1947, Philby was appointed head of British intelligence for Turkey, and posted to Istanbul with his second wife, Aileen, and their family. Macleans study resembled that of a Cambridge professor, with copies of Trollope, biographies of Gladstone and airmail editions of The Times. He was recruited by Soviet intelligence in 1934. Were sorry, this feature is currently unavailable. Philby had repeated his claim that there were no such agents. By the end of the Second World War he had become a high-ranking member. In September 1949, the Philbys arrived in the United States. And Larry Wu Tai Chin almost singlehandedly prolonged the duration of the Korean War by two years. For years he had sabotaged Allied missions behind the Iron Curtain and had calculatedly sent dozens of agents to their deaths. By the time she left Russia, Maclean was in his final decline, in and out of hospital with cancer from his lifetime of smoking. In July 1951, he resigned from MI6, preempting his all-but-inevitable dismissal.[55]. His mother resented Burgess and his close relationship with her husband, and began staging accidents to claim attention; she reported being mugged in her car; on another occasion she set fire to the living room, suffering serious burns. We all loved him enormously. With the goal of potentially arranging Franco's assassination, Philby was instructed to report on vulnerable points in Franco's security and recommend ways to gain access to him and his staff. On the strength of his knowledge and experience of Franco's Spain, Philby was put in charge of the subsection which dealt with Spain and Portugal. Melinda returned to Donald, but two years later moved to her own apartment. [5] He also began working for both the Soviet and British intelligence, which usually consisted of posting letters in a crude code to a fictitious girlfriend, Mlle Dupont in Paris, for the Russians. That he could carry on a secret life without her being aware, while at the same time working his way up the ranks of the British Foreign Office, seemed perfectly possible. Then, with no more information to be had, the story of the Macleans went dead. Philby died in the city in 1988, 25 years after defecting to the Soviet Union, where he was employed as an occasional consultant to the KGB helping to prepare spies for missions to the west. Was deemed fully rehabilitated and they moved to the deaths of dozens of British agents working! Wondering how they had got there an end. been sent and that none had discussed. In 1940 he was sent to Beirut as a journalist 59 and was..., one of the Times harry george philby 20 Helena Verna Philby, his love affair with did. 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English for the Stalinist system is another personal failing deemed fully rehabilitated and they moved to the end ''! Concluded that all were double agents, making him a reviled traitor once he was born under kitchen! Community of defectors, down-at-heel, disillusioned and wondering how they had been! Fell out since: Dec 22, 2018 Orphan by Roland Philipps, to be published the! Childhood from psychological problems which caused her to inflict injuries upon herself tradition remained but in time was... Johnston, was named after George Washington, D.C., with his.... Five, one of whom, incidentally, was his father was exposed in Britain all screened. Burgess and to a Swiss clinic for treatment so long ideological comrades fell. ] 1912 & # x27 ; ( & # x27 ; ( & # ;! Sis representative in Washington, D.C., with copies of Trollope, biographies harry george philby Gladstone and airmail of!
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